Angola has introduced a mandatory co-insurance framework for strategic economic sectors to protect national interests and retain risk within the local insurance market. Presidential Decree 133/26, of 6 August 2026, establishes the organizational and operational rules for these special regimes.

Key Takeaways

• Local Retention: The law aims to reduce the transfer of reinsurance premiums to foreign markets.
• Mandatory Application: Co-insurance is now strictly required for all insurable risks in oil, mining, and aviation.
• Capital Thresholds: Infrastructure sectors face mandatory co-insurance only for large risks exceeding USD 20 million.
• Single Policy Rule: Each co-insurance pool must operate under a single policy issued by a designated Leader.

Scope of the Special Regimes

The law applies to two distinct categories of activities and assets:

1. Mandatory Sectors (All Risk Levels)

Co-insurance is required for all insurable risks in the following fields:

• • Petroleum activities
  • Mining activities
  • Civil aviation aircraft

2. Large-Scale Public Infrastructure & Specialized Lines

Risks must enter the co-insurance regime if the insured capital equals or exceeds USD 20,000,000.00:

• • Public telecommunications infrastructure
  • Public transport infrastructure
  • Public energy and water infrastructure
  • Specialized lines including engineering, marine hull, industrial multi-risk, construction, and fire/natural elements.

The Role of the Leader

Each co-insurance agreement is managed by one Leader (Seguradora Líder).

Eligibility Requirements

To qualify as a Leader, an insurer must:

• Have at least 2 years of active participation in special co-insurance.
• Maintain a solvency margin of 140% or higher for 3 consecutive years.
• Prove technical and financial capacity for large risks.

Primary Functions

The Leader acts on behalf of the co-insurance pool to:

• Issue the single policy and collect all premiums.
• Negotiate and place reinsurance in international markets.
• Settle insurance claims.

Operational Rules

Pool Membership

Any insurer authorized in Angola can join a co-insurance pool if they have operated in the non-life sector for at least 1 year, meet all financial solvency ratios, and maintain clean tax records.

No Joint Liability

Co-insurers are only liable to the insured party for their individual, specified percentage of the risk. There is no joint and several liability among pool members.

Policy Renewals

Policy renewals must be planned well in advance to match international reinsurance timelines. New proposals must be submitted to the Leader at least 5 months before expiration.

Reinsurance Broking

The Leader must place reinsurance through local or foreign brokers, selecting proposals that offer the best cost-benefit ratio and security.

Confidentiality

Pool members must maintain strict confidentiality regarding contract terms and business documents for a minimum of 5 years.

Sanctions and Compliance

The Insurance Supervisory Body (Organismo de Supervisão da Actividade Seguradora) is responsible for enforcing compliance and handling infractions.

Violations are classified as very serious infractions and carry heavy fines. Punishable offenses include:

• Failing to subscribe to mandatory co-insurance.
• Unjustified or abusive refusal to accept a risk.
• Leaving a co-insurance pool without giving the required notice.
• Breaching the 5-year confidentiality duty.

Transitional Provisions

Insurers holding active policies that meet the USD 20 million threshold must transfer those policies into the new Special Co-Insurance Regime during their next renewal period.

Three (3) new petroleum concessions have been awarded under the following terms:

Block 19

Concession Decree: Presidential Decree 127/26, of 30 July 2026
Location: Offshore Kwanza basin
Operator: BG International Limited
Type of Contract: Risk Service Contract
Term: 5-year Exploration Period / 30-year Production Period for each Development Area from Declaration of Commercial Discovery
Fiscal & Economic Terms:

1. 10% Petroleum Production Tax (Royalty)
2. 35% Investment Premium on capex
3. Production Premium as follows:

Block 32/21

Concession Decree: Presidential Decree 128/26, of 30 July 2026
Location: Offshore Lower Congo basin
Operator: Total Energies EP Angola Block 32/21
Type of Contract: Risk Service Contract
Term: 5-year Exploration Period / 30-year Production Period for each Development Area from Declaration of Commercial Discovery
Fiscal & Economic Terms:

1. 10% Petroleum Production Tax (Royalty)
2. 30% Investment Premium on capex
3. Production Premium as follows:

Block 33/24

Concession Decree: Presidential Decree 129/26, of 30 July 2026
Location: Offshore Lower Congo basin
Operator: Chevron Block 33, Limited
Type of Contract: Risk Service Contract
Term: 5-year Exploration Period / 30-year Production Period for each Development from Declaration of Commercial Discovery
Fiscal & Economic Terms:

1. 10% Petroleum Production Tax (Royalty)
2. 30% Investment Premium on capex
3. Production Premium as follows:

Promulgated on July 30, 2026, Presidential Legislative Decree 5/26 introduced Angola’s new legal framework for Holding Companies (“Sociedades Gestoras de Participações Sociais” or “SGPS”). Below is an outline of the Holding Company regime:

Purpose: The exclusive corporate purpose of a holding company is the acquisition, ownership, and management of equity stakes in other companies, subject to the following cumulative conditions:
Minimum Holding Period: The equity stake must be maintained for a continuous period exceeding one year.

Minimum Voting Rights: The investment must represent at least 10% of the target entity’s voting rights, held either directly or indirectly through subsidiaries controlled by the SGPS. By way of exception, a holding company may hold an equity stake below the 10% voting rights threshold in the following cases:

1. The aggregate value of all stakes below 10% does not exceed 30% of the total value of the holding company’s qualifying investments (those equal to or exceeding 10%); or;
2. The equity stake complies with the minimum thresholds established by the Angolan Securities Market Commission (CMC); or
3. The equity stake results from a merger, spin-off or any other form of corporate restructuring of the target company.

Requirements: The holding company must satisfy the following requirements:

1. Be incorporated under the laws of the Republic of Angola;
2. Maintain both its registered office and effective management within Angola;
3. Adopt the legal structure of a joint stock company (“Sociedade Anónima” or “S.A.”);
4. Issue share capital represented exclusively by registered shares;
5. The Articles of Association/Bylaws must state that its exclusive corporate purpose is holding and managing equity stakes (certain restrictions may be imposed on the eligible target companies);
6. Include the designation “Sociedade Gestora de Participações Sociais” or the acronym “SGPS” in its corporate name.

Foreign Companies: The holding company may acquire and hold equity stakes in companies incorporated outside of Angola.

Intra-Group Services: The holding company may provide management services to any or all of its investee companies. All such services must be remunerated and formalized through a written contract.

Prohibited Operations: The holding company is prohibited from:

1. Acquiring real estate, except for its own use, or for the use of its investee companies, or as result of debt recovery or investee company liquidation;
2. Extend loans, except to investee companies which are controlled by the holding company.

An investee company is prevented from acquiring shares in its respective holding company, except in the limited cases expressly permitted by the Company Law.

Supervision: Holding companies are subject to the regulatory supervision of the Securities Market Commission (“CMC”). Holding companies shall submit an annual report to the CMC detailing their portfolio of companies.

Auditing: Holding companies must appoint an external auditor registered with the CMC.

Fees: Holding companies shall be subject to the payment of fees to the CMC for regulatory actions and services rendered.

Penalties: Penalties for breach of PLD 5/26 shall range from AOA 2.000.000 to AOA 50.000.000 in case of negligence, and from AOA 10.000.000 to AOA 500.000.000 in case of willful misconduct.

Proceeds from penalties shall be allocated to the CMC (60%) and the Treasury (40%).

Grace Period: Existing holding companies shall have a grace period of 180 days to achieve full compliance with the new law.

Following Presidential Legislative Decree 2/26, of 10 February 2026, the Angolan executive approved the Regulation of the Industrial Development Poles (Polos de Desenvolvimento Industrial) through Minister of Finance Executive Decree 132/26, of 29 May 2026. Here is a summary of ED 132/26:

• Definition of Industrial Development Pole (“IDP”):
  An Industrial Development Pole is an area greater than 1000 hectares equipped with basic infrastructure which is allocated to the installation of industrial or logistic facilities;
• Governance: IDPs are governed under a three-tier hierarchy by the following entities:
  1. Tier 1: The State Regulator (IDIIA):
     Acts as the Conceding Entity. It holds ultimate land domain, grants final approvals, and administers the IDP digital oversight network;
  2. Tier 2: The Hub Manager (Entidade Gestora):
     A private corporate entity selected via competitive public tender for up to 30 years. It finances infrastructure, runs daily logistics, and manages common spaces;
  3. Tier 3: The Investor (Investidor de Lote):
     The end-user entity leasing a designated plot to run manufacturing operations under strict operational compliance guidelines.
• Infrastructure Mandates & Financial Rings:
  Every IDP must feature a fully integrated operational baseline, including:
  1. Dedicated industrial water grids, sewage systems, and technical drainage;
  2. High-voltage energy connections and telecoms;
  3. Mandatory civic outposts: a functional police station, a civil protection/firefighting unit, and an on-site medical dispensary.
• Maintenance Fund:
  To prevent industrial decay, IDP Managers must establish a Maintenance Fund in the following terms:
  1. It must be kept in a fully segregated bank account away from the Manager’s corporate cash;
  2. Funded via transparent, area-proportional tenant fees;
  3. It can only be drawn down for the repair and replacement of common grid utilities;
  4. Any cash diversion or accounting negligence is classified as a severe offense that triggers immediate concession cancellation.
• Default:
  If a IDP Manager defaults financially and the state terminates the concession, the manufacturing plants are legally ringfenced. Their supply lines and land rights survive intact while the state deploys emergency interim managers.
• Anti-Speculation: The Regulation includes several mechanisms to prevent land speculation, including:
  1. Land rights are never granted outright. Investors receive a Provisional Surface Right first. This only converts to a Definitive Surface Right after a state inspection proves the physical factory matches the approved timeline;
  2. The Hub Manager cannot independently assign land. Every single plot transfer requires prior written state approval, re-verified on an annual cycle against the Master Plan;
  3. Unjustified construction delays or site abandonment trigger immediate contract termination and property seizure. Upon reversion, the state retains 20% of the initial land price for every year the plot sat underutilized;
  4. While the surface rights can be mortgaged to commercial banks to raise capital, the bank cannot flip the land; any foreclosure buyer must meet identical manufacturing requirements.

Any legacy occupant operating inside a designated IDP zone prior to this Regulation has a 180-day window to modify its property footprints and register its holdings digitally, or face eviction.

Summary of Presidential Decree 95/26, of 22 May 2026

1. Object and Material Scope

• Purpose: The decree establishes the updated legal rules governing family financial assistance and benefits under Angola’s Compulsory Social Protection System.

• Covered Benefits: The material scope of this social protection explicitly encompasses three distinct cash benefits:

1. 1. 1. Maternity Allowance (Subsídio de Maternidade)
      2. Nursing Allowance (Subsídio de Aleitamento)
      3. Family Allowance (Abono de Família)

2. Maternity Allowance

• Definition: The maternity allowance is a cash benefit granted to covered female workers. Its legal purpose is to fully compensate for the loss of salary resulting from a worker taking maternity leave or temporarily ceasing professional activities due to childbirth.

• Leave Duration and Timing

1. 1. 1. Standard Leave: Female workers have a statutory right to 3 months of maternity leave around the time of childbirth.
      2. Pre-Partum Distribution: A worker may elect to begin her maternity leave up to 4 weeks before the expected date of delivery, with the remaining time utilized post-partum.
      3. Multiple Birth Extension: In the event of a multiple birth (twins, triplets, etc.), the
         post-partum portion of the leave is legally extended by an additional 4 weeks.

• Pre-Maternity Leave

1. 1. 1. High-Risk Legal Concept: “Pre-maternity leave” represents an independent period preceding standard maternity leave. It is granted if a high-risk pregnancy forces an early cessation of work.
      2. Medical Verification: To trigger this benefit, the condition must be certified by an
         official medical expert belonging to the disability evaluation service (Serviço de
         Avaliação e Verificação de Incapacidades – SAVI).
      3. Maximum Duration: Pre-maternity leave begins on the exact date specified
         by the SAVI medical expert and is strictly capped at a maximum of 180 days.
      4. Compensation Level: During this pre-leave period, the worker receives a reduced
         cash allowance equal to 60% of the standard maternity allowance calculation.

• Special Circumstances

1. 1. 1. Delayed Births: If actual childbirth occurs later than the predicted medical date used
         to start the leave, the leave duration is automatically increased to guarantee a full 9
         weeks of post-partum rest.

• Pregnancy Loss & Child Mortality

1. 1. 1. In cases of miscarriage, stillbirth, or immediate neo-natal death, the maternity
         allowance is strictly limited to a flat 1 month compensation.
      2. If a child passes away during an active standard maternity leave, the allowance is
         terminated on the day the worker returns to work. However, for the specific month in
         which she returns early, the maternity allowance must still be paid out in its full
         monthly entirety.

• Qualifying Period and Financial Valuation

1. 1. 1. Qualifying Period (Prazo de Garantia): To access the maternity allowance, a worker
         must have accumulated at least 12 months of social security contributions
         (consecutive or intermittent) within the last 36 months preceding the leave.
      2. Value Calculation: The total maternity benefit equals 3 times the average of the
         last 12 monthly base salaries declared to social security immediately prior to taking
         leave.
      3. Exclusions: Non-regular bonuses, holiday allowances (subsídio de férias), and
         Christmas bonuses (subsídio de natal) are legally excluded from the calculation
         baseline.

• Paternal Substitution Rights

The biological father has a statutory right to substitute the mother and claim the remaining maternity leave and cash benefits under two strict legal scenarios:

1. 1. 1. Incapacity: Proven physical or mental incapacity of the mother, lasting for the duration of said incapacity.
      2. Death: The death of the mother during or shortly after childbirth.

• Employer Payment and Reimbursement Mechanism

1. 1. 1. Direct Payment Deadline: For standard employed workers, the employer is legally obligated to advance the pre-maternity and maternity allowances via bank transfer to the worker’s account within 30 days from the start of the respective leave.
      2. Self-Employed & Unemployed Exception: If the mother is self-employed (trabalhadora por conta própria) or unemployed at the time of delivery, the Compulsory Social Protection System’s Managing Entity (Entidade Gestora) pays her directly.

3. Nursing Allowance

• Definition: A cash benefit awarded directly to the child of a registered worker to offset the increased financial burdens of specialized early childhood nutrition.

• Qualifying Period: Requires at least 3 months of social security contributions (consecutive or intermittent) within the last 12 months preceding the claim.

• Benefit Amounts Scaled by Income: Applying positive differentiation, the monthly cash payout per child is fixed based on the parent’s wage tiers:

• Payment Structure and Execution

1. 1. 1. Lump-Sum Frequency: The benefit is disbursed in 3 large annual installments, each representing a grouped 12-month value allocation (p. 5). The initial installment is paid the month following application approval; subsequent installments deploy during the same homologous month over the next two years.
      2. Administrative Burden: The social security Managing Entity bears sole operational responsibility for paying this benefit.
      3. Application Requirements: Claims must be filed electronically by a parent, tutor, or
         the employer on behalf of the worker, requiring:
         1. The child’s official birth certificate/registration.
         2. An updated, verified immunization card (cartão de vacinação).

• Suspension and Extinction Conditions

1. 1. 1. Immunization Suspension: The allowance is immediately suspended if the employer or worker fails to submit electronic proof of compliance with the national vaccination calendar. Payment only resumes once proof is uploaded, provided the child is still under 36 months old.

• Permanent Termination: The nursing allowance permanently ends when:

• • • The child reaches 36 months (3 years) of age.
    • The child passes away.
    • The claim is discovered to involve errors, simulations, or outright fraud.

4. Family Allowance

• Core Concept and General Conditions

The family allowance provides continuous financial support to compensate for the ongoing costs of educating and raising children (p. 6). It is accessible to active workers, old-age pensioners (pensionistas de velhice), and absolute disability pensioners (invalidez absoluta).

To qualify and maintain access, five strict criteria must be met:

1. 1. 1. The child must hold an official birth registration.
      2. The child must be formally registered as a dependent with the social security portal.
      3. The child must maintain an updated vaccination record.
      4. School-aged children must be enrolled in an official public or private school, proving
         satisfactory academic progress (defined as passing and transitioning to the next
         grade) each year.
      5. Disabled children incapable of standard schooling must possess a certified disability
         document verified by the SAVI medical board.

• Benefit Amounts Scaled by Income

The monthly allowance per dependent is stratified across three reference tiers:

• Payment Splitting and Boundaries

1. 1. 1. Operational Division: Employers pay the allowance directly to active workers (clearly itemized on monthly payslips). The social security Managing Entity pays pensioners concurrently with their monthly pension disbursements.
      2. Dual-Income Household Splitting: If both parents are active workers, the responsibility for paying the child’s corresponding family allowance is split proportionally between their respective employers.
      3. Death Contingency: If the primary worker or pensioner dies, the benefit transfers to the surviving children and is paid alongside their official survivor’s pension (pensão de sobrevivência).
      4. Age Window & Cap: This specific allowance is requested starting from the 37th month of life (continuing seamlessly from where the nursing allowance ends). Claims are capped at a maximum of 5 children per worker.

• Suspension and Permanent Extinction

1. 1. 1. Annual Verification Suspension: Beneficiaries must upload annual proof of schooling, academic progression, and vaccination during the first quarter (Q1) of every calendar year. Failure to do so triggers an immediate benefit suspension. If the documentation is submitted late, payments resume the following month, but the beneficiary forfeits all back-pay for the suspended months.

• Permanent Extinction: The family allowance permanently terminates if:

1. 1. 1. The dependent reaches 216 months (18 years) of age.
      2. The suspension period hits an unresolved 24 consecutive months.
      3. The dependent fails to achieve academic grade progression for two consecutive years.
      4. The dependent registers as an independent worker and connects to an employer.
      5. The dependent passes away, or fraud is uncovered.

• Fraud Penalty: Any fraudulent collection of funds obligates the beneficiary to fully return all values, without prejudice to separate criminal prosecution.

Presidential Legislative Decree 3/26, of 11 February 2026, has approved the legal regime for the creation, management, exploitation and functioning of Rural Industrial Parks (Parques Industriais Rurais). Below is a summary of PLD 3/26:

• A Rural Industrial Park (“RIP”) is an area between 3.5 and 10 hectares equipped with basic infrastructure which is allocated to the installation of small, family-owned industrial facilities for the processing and sale of agricultural products;
• RIPs are created by the Ministry of Industry following proposal from the Angolan Institute of Industrial Development and Technological Innovation (Instituto de Desenvolvimento Industrial e Inovação Tecnológica);
• Each RIP will have a Master Plan;
• Any processing industry and ancillary activities may be developed in a RIP subject to the respective Master Plan. However, preference will be given to the processing of local agricultural products;
• The exploitation and management of a RIP is assigned to the Angolan Institute of Industrial Development and Technological Innovation (Instituto de Desenvolvimento Industrial e Inovação Tecnológica) (the “Grantor”);
• The Grantor will select, through public tender, private companies (the “Managing Entity”) to manage the RIP. These rights are granted under a “Concession Contract”;
• The respective local authority will give “surface rights” (direito de superfície) to Grantor for the RIP land. The land is classified as state “private domain”;
• The Managing Entity will have the following responsibilities/obligations, inter alia:
  1. Prepare a Master Plan and submit it to the approval of the Grantor;
  2. Prepare Functioning and Safety regulations;
  3. Promote the RIP and attract investors to install industrial facilities therein;
  4. Build the necessary infrastructures, including roads, water, electricity, telecommunications, sewage, security, etc.;
• The Managing Entity will sign contracts with the investors (Investor) installed in the RIP and will charge them fees for the services provided. These fees will be approved by the Grantor;
• Any company engaged in processing activities is eligible to become an Investor in a RIP, except companies manufacturing military equipment, explosives or which pose a serious environmental or safety risk;
• The Investor will be subject to the following responsibilities/obligations, inter alia:
  
  1. Built the processing facilities approved by the Managing Entity;
  2. Comply with the respective Master Plan;
  3. Maintain the operation of the respective processing facility;
  4. Make good use of the existing infrastructure;
  5. Timely pay the fees due to the Managing Entity.
• The Investor will have property rights to the facilities and equipment built/installed on the RIP, and may pledge or otherwise encumber such facilities/equipment to obtain financing;
• The Investor may change its activity/business subject to Managing Entity’s approval.

Presidential Legislative Decree 2/26, of 10 February 2026, has approved the legal regime for the creation, management, exploitation and functioning of Industrial Development Poles (Polos de Desenvolvimento Industrial). Below is a summary of PLD 2/26:

• An Industrial Development Pole (“IDP”) is an area greater than 1000 hectares equipped with basic infrastructure which is allocated to the installation of industrial or logistic facilities;
• IDPs are created by act of the President of the Republic following proposal from the Ministries of Industry, Public Works and Territorial Administration;
• Each IDP will have a Master Plan;
• Any manufacturing and ancillary activities may be developed in an IDP subject to the respective Master Plan;
• The exploitation and management of an IDP is assigned to the Angolan Institute of Industrial Development and Technological Innovation (Instituto de Desenvolvimento Industrial e Inovação Tecnológica) (the “Grantor”);
• The Grantor will select, through public tender, private companies (the “Managing Entity”) to manage the IDP. These rights are granted under a “Concession Contract”;
• Each Managing Entity will be given “surface rights” (direito de superfície) to the IDP land for a maximum term of 30 years. The land is classified as state “private domain”;
• The Managing Entity will have the following responsibilities/obligations, inter alia:
  1. Prepare an investment plan and present it to the Grantor;
  2. Prepare a Master Plan and submit it to the approval of the Grantor;
  3. Prepare Functioning and Safety regulations;
  4. Promote the IDP and attract investors to install industrial facilities in the IDP;
  5. Build the necessary infrastructures, including roads, water, electricity, lighting, telecommunications, sewage, security, etc.
• The Managing Entity will sign contracts with the investors (Investor) installed in the IDP and will charge them fees for the services provided. These fees will be approved by the Grantor;
• Any company engaged in industrial activities is eligible to become an Investor in an IDP, except companies manufacturing military equipment, explosives or which pose a serious environmental or safety risk.
• The Investor will be subject to the following responsibilities/obligations, inter alia:
  1. Implement the industrial project approved by the Managing Entity;
  2. Comply with the respective Master Plan;
  3. Maintain the operation of the respective industrial facility;
  4. Make good use of the existing infrastructure;
  5. Timely pay the fees due to the Managing Entity.
• The Investor will have property rights to the facilities and equipment built/installed on the IDP, and may pledge or otherwise encumber such facilities/equipment to obtain financing;
• The Investor may change its activity/business subject to Managing Entity’s approval.

Ahead of the upcoming launch of the international public tender for the concession of the Moçâmedes Railway Line, the Angolan executive has approved the legal framework (“Concession Bases”) for the concession by way of Presidential Decree 244/25, of 21 November 2025. The concession will be governed by PD 244/25, the respective Concession Contract and applicable law. Below is a summary of the main provisions of PD 244/25:

Concession Scope – The Concessionaire will be responsible for carrying out the following activities under the concession:

1. Operation and maintenance of the Moçâmedes/Menongue railway, including the new sections that the Concessionaire will commit to construct;
2. Operation of the respective railway transportation service;
3. Operation of the Innovation and Technology Transport Center (CITTRANS);
4. Operation and maintenance of the Operational Control Center (CCO);
5. Operation and maintenance of the Lubango and Sacomar workshops;
6. The option to build and operate freight transport terminals and the Arimba logistics platform;
7. The construction and operation of railway lines connecting to Namibia and/or Zambia.

Operational Company – The Concessionaire must incorporate in Angola an operational company in the form of a joint stock company. The OpCo will be an SPV entity exclusively engaged in the operation of the Moçâmedes railway.

Shareholders – The OpCo shareholders will remain the same for the concession term, unless a change is authorized by the state.

Risk – The Concessionaire will bear the full economic risk of its investment under the concession. This principle may allow for exceptions in case of force majeure or abnormal change of circumstances that may trigger the restoring of the economic balance under the Concession Contract.

Term – The term of the concession will be 30 years, unless the Concession Contract establishes a different term. In the event the concession includes the construction of a connecting line to Namibia and/or Zambia, the term may be extended up to 50 years.

Concession Assets – The assets comprising the concession will include the equipment and machinery, rolling stock, properties and other assets or improvements necessary for the operation of the Moçâmedes Railway Line, including the personnel and related contracts.

Concession Fees – The Concession Contract will establish the concession fees to be paid by the Concessionaire to the state, which may include the following:

1. Concession Premium;
2. Fixed fees;
3. Variable fees.

The particulars of the concession premium are set out in Presidential Order 134/22, of 1 June 2022.

Transport Fees – The fees to be charged by the Concessionaire for the railway transportation service are set out in the Tariff Regulations for Railway and Freight Transport;

Connecting lines to Namibia and Zambia – By no later than 3 (three) years from the commencement of the concession, the Concessionaire must present to the state an Additional Investment Proposal to build and operate a connecting line to Namibia.Within 5 (five) year from the commencement of the concession, the Concessionaire may also present an Additional Investment Proposal to build and operate a connecting line to Zambia.

Operational agreements with Namibia and Zambia – The Concessionaire may enter into operational agreements with the railway operators of Namibia and/or Zambia. The state shall endeavour to sign bilateral agreements with those countries to facilitate the implementation of the operational agreements.

Arbitration – Any disputes between the Concessionaire and the state will be resolved by arbitration in the terms set out in the Concession Contract.

A new concession for Block 3/24 has been awarded by way of Presidential Decree 178/25, of 8 October 2025. Block 3/24 is located in the Lower Congo basin shallow waters.

The concession was awarded to a consortium comprised of the following companies:

• Afentra (Operator) – 40%
• Maurel & Prom – 40%
• Sonangol, E&P – 20%

A Risk Service Contract was signed between the above companies.

The Exploration Phase will have a duration of 5 years from the signing of the RSC, and the Production Phase for each Development Area a duration of 25 years from the respective Declaration of Commercial Discovery.

A 30% Investment Premium was set on all capital expenditures incurred in each tax year from commencement of production.

A Production Premium was set as follows: